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Medical Male Circumcision and HIV

Dr Xolile Dlamini Circumcision is the removal of the foreskin of a penis. The foreskin’s main function is to cover the glans penis. It also lubricates it and makes it ultra sensitive to enhance sexual experience. The frenulum is a highly vascularised fold of the prepuce whose function is to ensure that the covering of [...]

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PMTCT and the HIV Healthcare Barometer

Dr Theo van den Handel Preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) has, for some time now, been identified as the perfect health intervention to use as a tool to evaluate and monitor healthcare delivery, and particularly HIV treatment and care. It is the most measurable of all healthcare interventions and, for obvious reasons, the outcome can be [...]

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PMTCT and the HIV Healthcare Barometer

Dr Theo van den Handel Preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) has, for some time now, been identified as the perfect health intervention to use as a tool to evaluate and monitor healthcare delivery, and particularly HIV treatment and care. It is the most measurable of all healthcare interventions and, for obvious reasons, the outcome can be [...]

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Role of the Gut Microbiota in Health

Gastro forum authors: Prof Reid Ally, Dr Keith Pettengell and Dr John Wright   It had been known, from early in the history of microbiology, that the gut of humans and other animals is inhabited by microbial species, mostly bacteria and fungi. Louis Pasteur expressed his views to the French Academy of Sciences in 1885 on the [...]

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Incomplete Recovery of CD4 Cell Counts in Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy

Dr Steven Miller The primary goal of antiretroviral treatment is to suppress plasma HIV RNA levels to below 50 copies/ml. In the majority of individuals, this is accompanied by an increase in the circulating CD4 cell count and an improvement in immunological function. However, up to 20% of people do not achieve an optimal restoration [...]

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HIV Prevention in Key Populations

Dr Theo van den Handel As we move forward in the era of treating and managing HIV, the emphasis on prevention is becoming ever more important. It is frequently commented that we are not going to ‘treat our way out of this problem’. We need to focus on keeping those who are HIV negative free of [...]

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Walking the HIV Care Pathway Together

Social Aspects of HIV/Aids Research in Africa Congress, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 28 November – 2 December 2011 Dr Natasha Davies, Programme Advisor: adult care and treatment, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute Over five million South Africans (>16% of all adults) are HIV-infected. Although over 1.4 million are enrolled in the world’s largest national antiretroviral therapy [...]

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False Medical Claims: Cracking Down on Quack ‘Cures’ for HIV

Dr Fatima Laher Having worked in clinical trials, I know first-hand the scientific rigor applied to testing medicines before they are approved for use of the South African public by the Medicines Control Council. Ethical and safety data are seriously considered; products are licensed for the particular uses for which they have been proven. However, none [...]

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HIV Prevention: Ways to Stay Negative

Dr Xolile Dlamini A South African Department of Health Study estimates that 29.4% of pregnant women (aged 15-49) were living with HIV in 2009. KwaZulu-Natal recorded the highest prevalence at 39.5%. Gauteng was placed fifth, with a prevalence of 29.8%. It is evident therefore that a vast majority of the population is still negative. The question [...]

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Surgical Treatment of HIV-associated Lipodystrophy

Dr Gabriel Duocas, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon Long-term treatment with antiretroviral medication has been shown to cause metabolic syndrome. The symptoms include: •  Insulin resistance that can lead to elevated glucose levels and thus the possibility of developing diabetes mellitus. •  Dyslipidaemias that manifest with increased levels of two types of lipid in the blood, namely cholesterol [...]

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